Post Plowden Legacy Essay Example For Students

Post Plowden Legacy Essay FOUNDATION COURSE THEMES BAES Year 1Subject: Primary Education Post Plowden LegacyTutor: Alastair HorburyAssignment: Critique of given text Chapter 6, Pupils at Work.Due: Mon 14 Nov 94INTRODUCTIONThe task assigned was to read all six chapters provided, select one and produce a critique on the subject matter. The chapter selected was number six which analysed pupils and work.Firstly I wish to briefly summarise the entire chapter, highlighting the areas which I considered to be the most important, these areas will then be examined in depth and their merits or shortcomings discussed. Firstly a summary of the chapter is needed to put into context the areas that will be discussed later. The whole chapter can be split into two main areas of discourse:- relationships and work and negotiation. As there has been little research into pupils approaches to schoolwork, the authors chief concern is that of the pupils perceptions of , and approaches to, schoolwork, and the first point s/he makes is that there are differences between teachers and pupils ideas of what constitutes worthwhile work. The author sets out to define the meaning of work and in doing so draws our attention to differences between pleasurable work and labour. Workmanship, it is argued, has been replaced by unskilled labour and people now work as a means to an end seeking enjoyment through other avenues such as hobbies and recreation.Teaching methods and school ethos in general are seen as outmoded and alien to the cultural and social influences on pupils. Therefore, there is greater responsibility on the teacher to make work seem more utilitarian and attractive. Research revealed that many pupils felt that work was pointless and invalid unless it was undertaken in preparation for forthcoming exams. However, w ork that may be deemed pointless or onerous by both sets of pupils (exam and non-exam) could be given validity by the teaching strategy employed. Pupils seemed to be more concerned with the status of the work and their personal relationship with the teacher, therefore the pupil reaction to any given task depended heavily on these two criteria. It is identified that pupil-teacher relationships are extremely important and they contain many concealed aspects which will be discussed in Part 1. A prevalent feature of pupil-teacher relationships is the negotiation that takes place and teachers will offer incentives to pupils in order to encourage the process of work. It is interesting to look at the way in which teachers can utilise their experience and maturity to manipulate or cajole pupils into performing a given task, and this will be examined in Part 2. PART 1 RELATIONSHIPS WORKThe first key issue in this chapter that I wish to examine is that of pupil relationships with teachers, and how they affect classroom behaviour and the amount of work produced. I mentioned earlier that because of deep-rooted cultural influences many adults regard work to hold little or no satisfaction, and this notion permeates through to their children. This notion combined with pupils own perception of themselves as having to be forced to work creates an arduous environment for the teacher. However, it must be said that work that is found unpleasurable to pupils is often that of the purely academic type which does not permit any creative license. Although academic work is of far more value, teachers often find themselves having to offer incentives or punishment in order to motivate pupils whereas the work with little or no academic value is seen, generally, as enjoyable i.e games and arts. The author places great emphasis on trust. S/he asserts that many children cannot foresee the long-term advantages of doing work in schools and that many simply believe or disbelieve the teacher when s/he says it will be of benefit.. The point made may be valid but perhaps only in primary schools. I propose that in todays secondary school this idea has very little bearing and children are now more acutely aware than ever before of social and econ omic factors that dictate the need to do well in school. In some respects certain aspects of the authors argument are negated, those pupils who can foresee the need to do well have their own motivation, and negotiation and relationships are less important. .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 , .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .postImageUrl , .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 , .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5:hover , .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5:visited , .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5:active { border:0!important; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5:active , .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5 .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74456b12668127730dd2e9c1c8f129b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Down Syndrome: An Informative EssayHaving said that, to those pupils who do not possess such foresight the building up of relationships and the constant negotiation processes are an essential part of their schooling. Anecdotal evidence as well as secondary research support the idea that pupils work better for those teachers they actually like.Whether a teacher is liked or disliked by his pupils is dependant upon many factors. For instance the teachers personal outlook does s/he even want to be liked?, do s/he care?, are they simply interested in meeting targets? If the teachers personal motivation is lacklustre then how are pupils to be motivated? Ideally, teachers would be able to identify the different levels of motivation among their pupils and build relationships accordingly. This, however, is not a realistic goal and much valuable class time can be spent chastising, persuading and offering incentives. Of course there is a danger that a teacher may become too preoccupied with the establishment of relationships and other areas such discipline may be ignored. The points above are interesting but we are chiefly concerned with those teachers who are motivated and use negotiation as a means of encouraging pupils to work, and I now wish to look at these negotiation processes in a little more depth. PART 2 WORK NEGOTIATIONOne of the most interesting points made in the chapter is that of the collusion often formed by teachers and pupils against a higher authority, this higher authority could be the headmaster for instance. This type of collusion could be of extreme value to teachers in forming relationships and as a way of getting pupils on side, as well as relinquishing any responsibility for the type of work and the amount required. With the majority of the blame lying at the feet of a higher authority the teacher could begin to build a system of almost conspiratory negotiation based on reciprocity you scratch my back and Ill scratch yours. Let us look at the authors idea of negotiation. Firstly s/he identifies four experiences that typified the pupils in his/her study school. The four categories are thus;- hard work, open negotiation, closed negotiation and work avoidance. The two extremes of the categories are self-explanatory, hard work being total pupil commitment and work avoidance being not only a total lack of commitment, but also a conscious and resourceful effort to avoid participating in any school workMost pupils are to be found in the two middle categories of open and closed negotiation and as such teachers must become keen negotiators if they are to succeed. It should be pointed out that control must be the predominant feature within negotiation teachers must dictate the concessions that are to be made.The authors open negotiation idea consists of the teacher and pupils making certain concessions, and is dependant to a large extent on mutual goodwill and a congenial atmosphere within the classroom. It is a n activity in which both pupil and teacher participate and each party bargains for what they perceive to be the better deal. The basic idea being that a teacher will permit a certain amount of digression in return for a certain amount of work, and the class hold the general consensus that this is acceptable. I have used the word general because in the next paragraph I wish to look at those pupils who do not subscribe to the general consensus and are typified as closed negotiation pupils. Another interesting point made was that a predominant feature in those teachers who were more liked by their pupils was the fact that they often included games into the work. The author concludes that games humanised the work and made it vastly more enjoyable. In a perfect world teacher and pupil would be in complete harmony and all decisions made about the type and amount of work to be done would be completely unanimous. However, in reality a teacher who uses negotiation must submit to the general consensus. What, then, of the pupils who have not concurred with the general consensus but are still forced to go along with it? The author typifies these pupils as being in the closed negotiation category. This category of pupils will flourish further if the teacher is not prepared to negotiate, and within this teacher dictated atmosphere the counter-productive and unruly element of pupils will come into being. CONCLUSIONBy drawing together the main points made in this critique it is apparent that pupils perceptions of the validity of the work they are undertaking is of paramount importance.Teachers must strive to make work less alien and more relevant to the pupils social perspective and this can be achieved in several ways. Collusion, as well as a system of negotiation and concessions could be used in order to overcome pupils natural recalcitrance.Teachers must care enough to become diagnosticians of their classes on the whole as well as identifying individual pupil needs. Of cou rse the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few, but if teachers understand the needs of the few it will empower them in the negotiation process. .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 , .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .postImageUrl , .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 , .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933:hover , .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933:visited , .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933:active { border:0!important; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933:active , .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933 .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua1575b3ee95d98eeddfb46d423e1c933:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Daddy 2 EssayCategory: English

What You Dont Know About Samples of an Essay Paper Writing about an Argumentative

What You Don't Know About Samples of an Essay Paper Writing about an Argumentative The Awful Secret of Samples of an Essay Paper Writing about an Argumentative The chief reason why somebody is writing an argumentative essay is to try to persuade or sway another man or woman or perhaps a group of men and women in your rightness in a particular theme. You might not like the things that they must say, and hearing it's going to help you acknowledge and change it. There's no statistical data about the amount of people killed as a consequence of their criminal acts, but there's the risk an innocent person has the ability to grow to be the casualty of the death penalty. Every thought should be relevant and concise. Before you turn in your assignment, you are going to want to appear over it one final moment. Only a number of them have stayed there for a lengthier time. Even today exists a group of men and women who believe essay writing is the simplest aspect of any educational pro gram and that which you should do there, is to just go on writing whatever and wherever you truly feel like writing whatever comes in your mind. Essay writing is just one of the vital moments in the educational procedure, regardless of what stage of your studies you currently are on. The Meaning of Samples of an Essay Paper Writing about an Argumentative Bear in mind that the period of your essay is contingent on the assignment provided to you. When it's unclear, don't be afraid to ask. What Everybody Dislikes About Samples of an Essay Paper Writing about an Argumentative and Why Unlike negotiating for the usage of your parents' car, a college paper isn't the location for an all-out blitz of every kind of argument. You might also want to incorporate a quick discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. The modern society has embraced mobile phones in a large way but it has arrived at a price tag. Exactly like male members of the society, wom en ought to be permitted to be independent and be in a position to ascertain their future. You could be surprised to hear that the word argument does not need to be written anywhere in your assignment in order for it to be a significant part your task. A decent argumentative essay clearly presents either side of the argument. Now you have a fundamental grasp of an argumentative essay definition, it is the right time to understand how to compose an argument paper. One of the most vital elements of an argument essay is to ponder and present either side of the problem and undertake an exhaustive evaluation of each. Your essay shouldn't be subjective. It should include recent statistics and information from reliable sources. No matter the quantity or kind of research involved, argumentative essays must set a very clear thesis and follow sound reasoning. It is crucial to be aware an argumentative essay and an expository essay could be similar, but they vary greatly with regard to the quantity of pre-writing and research involved. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Your digital components can assist with that showing. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some important components which make it better in the practice of convincing. Essay writing per se is no simple undertaking to do. Writing an argumentative essay can occasionally be confusing as you don't necessarily understand how to compose a convincing argument. Writing a persuasive, argumentative essay can be challenging, and at times it can find a little confusing. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay that you're writing, it is crucial to develop a clear thesis statement and a very clear sound reasoning. Your introductory paragraph needs to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. Simply highlighting a text is excellent for memorizing the key ideas in that textit doesn't encourage critical reading. Make sure you own a thesis statement and topic sentences for every single paragraph. A great thesis statement will market your position and ought to be the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. If you wish to learn what an argumentative essay is, the very first thing you need to remember is that its primary purpose is to convince the audience to accept your standpoint. Repeating exactly the same talking point is a strategy that is employed in nearly every circumstance where someone is attempting to pull you into an argument. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to pick a topic that has more than one clear side. You're going to need to choose a topic first, but your topic ought to be something that has two conflicting points or distinct conclusions. Things You Won't Like About Samples of an Essay Paper Writing about an Argumentative and Things You Will Each paragraph needs to be more specific than the last, introducing new parts o f information, examples, and in depth evidence. Argumentative essays utilize logic, facts, and reasoning to decide on the victor. Argumentative essay structure is comparatively direct. Any very good task finishes with a wonderful conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. Where to Find Samples of an Essay Paper Writing about an Argumentative Simply take a peek at our list of suggestions if picking a topic seems complicated. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Look through the list of topics cautiously and commence making a mental collection of the evidence it's possible to use on topics you prefer. Deciding upon an argumentative topic isn't that easy. An argumentative essay conclusion is very important. The most suitable opinion is whichever one that you think will be the simplest to c ompose an essay on. Every argumentative essay should depend on a topic which can be debated. Now you have a clue about how to write an argumentative essay, let us show you a few introductions that set forth an excellent stream of reasoning in any argumentative essay. In order to give an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is wise to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. An excellent essay should have essential points. If you're new to writing argumentative essays, there are a couple of essential factors which you can learn that may help you compose a much better argumentative essay. A decent persuasive argument will use the latest data and data from verified sources. My essay is separated into three primary components, the introduction, the human body and the conclusion. Still, there are a few basic guidelines to bear in mind when it regards an argumentative thesis statement. You will then have to approach the subject by gathering, generating, and evaluating credible sources to back up your evidence. Remember an a rgumentative essay is based more on facts rather than emotion. In any case, direct and indirect quotes are essential to support your understanding of academic writing style. It is very important to remember that perfect' relationships aren't always present and cannot always be done between twins. Based on your argument, the range of body paragraphs which you have will vary. The variety of paragraphs equals the number of arguments. An argumentative essay presents either side of a problem. It is a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue.

A Second Chance

A Second ChanceIs your essay topic living on campus and living at home? If you've ever wondered about this question, then you should be thankful for the Internet. It's so easy to find answers. Look for answers online.You've spent the last two years in college. You don't remember where you lived at that time. During this time, you've lived in two different places - in your dorm room and at your parents' house. While you might not remember exactly when you moved to another place, you do remember the feeling of boredom. For example, you might say that you don't know where you would have slept during those times if you'd gone back to school.In a nutshell, you lived in your dorm room. It was also known as the frat house. It was a single room, which served as a bedroom and a study area. For a very long time, you were the only person who slept in the room. To make things worse, you didn't get any privacy.Your dorm room is not your favorite room. It wasn't even the most comfortable room. Of course, when you started out, the amenities weren't much to write home about. You have to remember that you weren't provided with anything in this room except a mattress on which to sleep and the other furniture on which to study. As long as you could pay for your expenses, you were happy.After a few years of this life, you moved to another place called the Dorm Room. You moved from your own house to someone else's house, paying the rent each month. This place was much more comfy, but you still didn't feel very secure there. Why? Because you couldn't talk to your parents about anything, and you still didn't get privacy.Finally, after a few years, you came to the conclusion that you needed a second place to live. This place would be a good location. The first place had a great kitchen, while the second place had a great yard. What better way to cook for your family. Now, you could do this in your own house, without having to rent a house for a few months.When you arrived at your new house, what did you do next? Since you lived in another place, you needed to go to the bathroom. If you tried to walk back and forth, it wouldn't have been very comfortable. Then, if you went to the bathroom in the room, it would take longer. In addition, since you'd have to go downstairs, you'd have to think about how you were going to get the tissues that you needed, and how you were going to wash your hands before you reached the bathroom.In short, your life during your first two years in your new place went exactly like your previous life in your dorm room. But now, you're ready to move out and go to college. What better way to start a new life than to try something completely different - and the first step is choosing a topic for your essay.

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About You Are Writing an Essay Describing a Famous Painting Brainly

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About You Are Writing an Essay Describing a Famous Painting Brainly The reader should ultimately be in a position to find the described image like they were looking at a painting or a photograph for the very first time. He used art for a tool to resist his mental illness. An English glossary on art can be seen on the site of the Tate Gallery London. Bear this in mind when choosing art to utilize in class. Think about a particular period that you're interested in. Pretend the typical person is blind. He isn't looking for a landscape painting filled with farmland and barns. He isn't passive when it comes to buying art. I really like visiting countries where it's spoken. Many scientific studies are undertaken to specify the precise nature of the smile and the true reason remains a mystery. If you wish to practise describing paintings, have a look at the websites of some galleries and write down expresssions which may be beneficial for your descriptions. On the site of the National Gallery in London for instance you'll find plenty of interesting paintings with descriptions. Art is a rather elaborate subject and has plenty of topics you can pick for a thriving essay. To make your art essay much more interesting, you can consist of counter-arguments and examples. To begin with, you want to comprehend what's an art essay. Finally, an art essay is incomplete without a suitable conclusion. It is possible to also read your essay to other individuals to receive their feedback. Now, there are various varieties of response papers, and not all require you to earn a formal argument. Fantastic responses offer specific, clear specifics. See if other kinds of essayssuch for a process analysis or an evaluationwill fit in the three-paragraph essay format. You are unable to make a great essay without structural planning. Inside my experience, descriptive essays are only difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. A descriptive essay is a sort of essay which aims at assisting you to illustrate something to your reader in a manner they can see, feel, or hear what it is that you are discussing. The three-paragraph essay isn't an exception. Up in Arms About You Are Writing an Essay Describing a Famous Painting Brainly? Perhaps it makes a serene atmosphere. Due to this, you aren't going to handle the absence of content, providing you peace of mind when creating your eloquent masterpiece! And in the present world it's in little doubt that the use of normal culture and life is a lot more interesting a subject than that of the greater unknown. Have a peek at popular topics. All these methods were used. In a lot of ways, description is easily the most important type of writing you can teach your children. These descriptions tell the typical person more on the topic of the piece. A picture description is the perfect manner of practising your English vocabulary in all types of fields. Still considered by many people to be his finest work, it's tough to agree with the degree of detail and intriguing signatures that the painting entails. You want to reveal the reader that she seems sad as a result of the angle of her head or due to her posture or on account of the look in her eyes. Another thing it's possible to describe is a particular place or object that you've got strong feelings about. There's hardly a better example of using light and shadow or the usage of the ordinary man as the subject issue.

MBA Essay Stanford Sample - Best Way to Study a BA Test

MBA Essay Stanford Sample - Best Way to Study a BA TestIf you are currently seeking a job in the financial market and want to go on the B.A or MBA test, consider taking the MBA Essay Stanford Sample. The essay is very well-known and is a source of great pride for any MBA student. But if you are worried about what you may write, worry no more.Taking an essay is not a very easy task. It is something that should be done in such a way that it serves as an asset rather than a liability. That is the way the MBA essay is designed, and that is why it is well-known.Although there are a lot of grammar and punctuation books that would do the trick, would you want to just have an extra book lying around? Of course not! Nowadays, what you need is a great composition tool, and I would recommend that you pick up an MBA Essay Stanford Sample.If you are a busy person who wants to study at your own pace, you would need a time-saving assistant that can help you organize and sort out all the documents t hat you have to hand over. For this purpose, the MBA Essay Stanford Sample is something that could serve you well. You can ask your boss, or better yet, start using it now!In order to take the MBA Essay Stanford Sample, you need to have a copy of the GMAT, GRE, or other standardized test that you will be taking for the MBA admission test. You can either print out the GMAT score that you got, or you can order it online.When it comes to choosing the MBA admissions essay sample, here are a few tips to get you started. You need to find a good place to find it. Google offers the best results, but if you want to make sure that it is genuine, you can also check out your university's websites for one. However, some of them can offer very high prices, so you have to choose carefully.The best thing that you can do is to browse through the internet and make a list of the samples that are available and which would suit your MBA test. Then, once you have decided which ones you want to use, just go out and purchase it right away!

The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning

Introduction A number of issues such as changes in product design, branding and employee are likely to cause risks that threaten supply chain. Risk management in this field is a fundamental activity at the executive level in most organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several studies have developed various models and theories that attempt to provide an explanation of the need for supply chain management in reducing risks. The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze some research articles from various authors with an aim of exploring theories and models developed over the last few decades. Model and theory analysis: Review of research Lin and Zhou (2011) carried out a study to address the impact that product design changes have on supply chain, with a special focus on the risks involved. Using a case study, the researchers developed some concepts that attempt to explain how supply chain runs under risks when the product design changes significantly. The theory attempts to show that such changes predispose an organization to a number of risks in supply, policy and delivery. Moreover, this theory suggests that change in product design leads to an array of risks at the internal level, which in this case involves research and design, production, planning, organization and information. This theory seems to indicate that any change in the product design that may have a significant impact on the customer and retailer’s perception of a product is likely to expose the supply chain system to these risks, which means that both customer-requested and company-initiated change in product design exposes the supply chain system to these risks. Using an in-depth longitudinal case study, Khan, Christopher and Burnes (2012 examined the impact of product design on the supply chain risk. The case study was based on a major cloth retailer in the United Kingdom. The researchers aimed to address the questions associated with the increasingly important issues of the impact of product design on the risks involved in supply chain management. The case study leads to a concept that was used to explain the impact of product design in the supply chain and the associated risks. The researchers theorize that risk management in supply chain is heavily dependent on the product design, where recognition of a design is a creative function of managing risks. In addition, the theory attempts to show that recognizing product design is a fundamental platform, on which risks are managed with ease and effectiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This concept attempts to show that recognition of product design must be one of the major activities as well as requirements for risk management at the executive level. In addition, this theory seems to have closer association with the theory developed by Lin and Zhou (2011), as both of them emphasize on the need to consider product design as one aspect or factor that may lead to risks as well as effective management of risks in the supply chain. Christopher and Peck have attempted to present a good analysis on how supply chain management can effectively control risks by building a resilient supply chain system. Although the research is an analysis of findings rather than an empirical study, it provides the reader with some important theories that attempt to explain how product design impacts the supply chain in modern organizations. An important model developed in this article is the argument that building a resilient supply chain depends on a number of features that can be engineered into the supply chain to improve resilience. Among these factors is the need to focus on product design, which should be incorpor ated into the general designing for the supply chains in organizations. In addition, the concept argues that product design plays a major role in the process of understanding the supply chain and its structure. According to the article, products are the major aspect of a supply process, which means that their nature and impact on the whole process are fundamental. Therefore, failure to focus on product design when engineering supply chains is likely to involve risks that threaten the integrity and effectiveness of a supply chain management in a globalized business environment. This theory is important in providing some background information on the need to focus on product design when managing and engineering supply chains. In fact, it shows the important role that product design plays in mitigating risks in supply chains. The article by Chopra and Sodhi (2005) is based on real-life examples of how risk management in supply chain poses threats to the business process in a modern bus iness environment. The authors used two cases in which an electricity supply plant operated by Royal Philips Electronics in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was hit by a lightning in 2000. The massive surge the impact of the lightning caused at the grid started a fire that completely destroyed the plant’s microchips. Nokia Corporation was one of the major customers of the Royal Philips at the time. The impact of the lightning caused a massive reduction in the number of microchips at the Royal Philips stock, which made corporations like Nokia and others find it difficult to deal with the company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is worth noting that Nokia Corporation had more than one supplier in its supply chain strategy, which made it possible to switch from ordering chips from the Royal Philips on a temporary base. This proved effective in risk mitigation. On the other hand, the authors compared this situation with the impact of the problem at Telefon AB Ericsson Corporation, another major customer of the Royal Philips Corporation. This company had a single provider of chips in its supply chain. The company suffered from the problem, which led to a complete shut down of operations until the Royal Philips resumed production. From the two examples, the authors attempt to develop a theory, in which they explain the need for an effective design in the supply chain system. In this theory, the authors argue that corporations that use multiple designs for a product that is either sold or outsourced are likely to mitigate the risks involved when one product line or design is affected by any problem that may arise. In other words, this theory hypothesizes that multiple supply chain designs are more effective in risk management and mitigation than single-design supply chains. Supply c hain management in the process of supplying and delivering high risk products such as oil and gas proves to be one of the most crucial aspects of managers in these corporations. In fact, high risk but, at the same time, high profitable oil and gas production and supply provide a good example of how risk management in the supply chain can be enhanced with product design. Vosooghi, Fazli and Mavi (2012) used this example to develop additional concept of product design and its impact on supply chain management in the oil supply industry. The researchers use the fuzzy analytical hierarch process (FAHP) to weigh and analyze the risks related to crude oil supply chain. The study, carried in Iran, developed some theory that can be used to explain how risks can effectively be managed and mitigated in crude oil supply process. This model argues that regulation and environmental risks as well as cooperation polices can be viewed from a design perspective. Although the theory does not deal wit h product design, the conclusions made in the article indicate that the way, in which the product is designed, usually influences the effectiveness of risk management in the supply chain.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The aerospace industry is another high-risk field that requires attention when studying risk management and product design. Sinha, Whitman and Malzahn (2004) developed a study, in which they aimed at explaining how risk management can be effected in aerospace industry. The researchers argue that most of the supply chain systems involve a single supplier, which is likely to increase risks involved. Therefore, risk management proves to be an important area of management in companies that adopt this system. The researchers’ aim was to develop a model that can mitigate risks in supply chains adopted by aerospace companies. The results of the study have provided some models that can be used to mitigate risks in these companies. According to the study, IDEF0 concept is a model that mitigates risks in the aerospace supply chains. The model has five stages: risk identification, risk assessment, planning, and failure analysis and continuous improvement. Although this model focuses on a number of issues, it is worth noting that the design of the products in the supply chain system is a fundamental aspect of the model. Tang (2007) published an article that explains the risks involved in supply chains and how they can be managed with effectiveness even during crisis. The researcher develops a model that attempts to show how supply chain managers can enhance the supply chain to navigate through major disruptions whenever they occur. According to this model, inherent fluctuations are the first aspect that increases the risks, which implies that they should be the first issues to address in management. Secondly, the model indicates that corporations must design and reengineer their supply chain systems to enhance resilience and the ability to withstand the impacts of major disruptions. In addition, the model indicates that enhancing residence is strongly linked to the process of retaining apprehensive customers. Goh, Lim and Meng (2007) developed a study, in which the y attempted to develop a model for enhancing risks management in globalized supply chain networks. The study, carried out in Singapore, provided a scholastic model that indicates the need for risk management in supply chain to reduce the threats involved in globalized organizations.The model, known as multi-stage global supply chain network, incorporates a number of supply chain aspects in a globalized business system. For instance, it considers a new focus on related risks such as supply, demand, disruption and exchange as the most important areas of focus in managing risks. In addition, the model provides a new solution methodology that makes use of Moreau-Yosida regulation, design and logarithm that enhances the process of risk management and mitigation in diagnosing risk associated problems in globalized and multi-staged networks. Although this model is difficult to implement, it is highly effective in managing and mitigating risks in supply chains. Sheffi (2001) takes a differe nt approach to developing a model for risk management and mitigation in supply chains. In this article, Sheffi (2001) takes an example of risks posed by terrorism as a major threat to modern supply chain systems. The author analyzes the companies that were affected by the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US. Using several examples, the researcher develops a model for explaining the importance of supply chain management in risk mitigation. This model focuses on two issues. First, it argues that corporations must adopt strategies to set certain operational redundancies in order to enhance their preparedness for risks. Secondly, it focuses on reduction of reliability on lead time and certain demand scenarios. The model suggests that private public partnership is the best way, trough which companies can organize themselves into networks that will enhance risk management and mitigation. In 2007, American corporations IBM, KPMG and ACE sponsored a study with an aim of revealing the best prac tice for managing risks in supply chains. The researching institute, the Economic Intelligence Unit, developed a comprehensive study and a report that show their hypothesized model for managing supply chain risks in the modern concept. In its simplest form, the model suggests that risk management is a discipline that has moved from loss avoidance to assume a new position as the key contributor to market advantage. According to the model, this is achieved through improved corporate reputation and better stand among the companies with the role of oversight such as rating industries. In addition, the model hypothesizes that risk management in supply chains has become an area that needs both technology and workmanship, because ideas must be generated, devised and implemented. In addition, it indicates that technology is an additional source of risk for supply chains, especially at a time when supply of products has gone virtual thanks to the internet technology. However, the author†™s model does not imply that technology should be avoided. Rather, it suggests that technology and workmanship should be integrated to provide the best method for mitigating and managing risks in supply chains. Conclusion From this analysis, a number of aspects should be noted. For instance, the models developed over the years to enhance risk management in supply chains tend to focus on the product, product delivery and internal aspects of the management. They incorporate the ideas of understanding the risks, developing prior knowledge of the risks, ensuring everyone is involved, company-company or company-public sector relations and the use of technology. Although the models are different, most of them attempt to show that supply chain is one of the areas of corporate management that runs under high risks due to the link between the company and other parties in its supply chain system. Therefore, changes in product design, branding and employees are likely to cause risks that thr eaten supply chain. Risk management in this field is a fundamental activity at the executive level in most organizations. These models/theories have attempted to provide an explanation of the need for supply chain management in reducing risks. References Chopra, S Sodhi, M, 2005, â€Å"Managing Risk To Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown†, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 53-64. Christopher, M Peck, H, 2004, â€Å"Building the resilient supply chain†, International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-13, Economist Intelligence Unit, 2007, Best practice in risk management: A function comes of age, Economist Intelligence Unit, New York Goh, M, Limb, J Meng, 2007, â€Å"A stochastic model for risk management in global supply chain networks†, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 182, no. 1, pp. 164–173 Khan, O, Christopher, M Burnes, B, 2012, â€Å"The impact of product design on supply chain risk: a case study†, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38 no. 5, pp. 412-432 Lin, Y Zhou, L, 2011, â€Å"The impacts of product design changes on supply chain risk: a case study†, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 162-186 Sheffi, Y, 2001, â€Å"Supply Chain Management under the Threat of International Terrorism†, International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1 – 11 Sinha, PR, Whitman, LE Malzahn, D, 2004, â€Å"Methodology to mitigate supplier risk in an aerospace supply chain†, Supply chain management: An international journal, vol.9, no. 2, pp. 154-168. Tang, C, 2007, â€Å"Robust strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions†, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications: A Leading Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 9, no.1, pp. 34-56. Vosooghi, M, Fazli, S Mavi, R, 2012, â€Å"Crude Oil Supply Chain Risk Management wit h Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process†, American Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 12, no. 46, pp. 34-42 This essay on The Role of Supply Chain Risk Management in Ensuring Smooth Functioning was written and submitted by user Brodie J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

All flesh is grass Essays

All flesh is grass Essays All flesh is grass Paper All flesh is grass Paper All flesh is grass is a quote from the book of Kings in the bible. Initially it is difficult to see how this relates to biology. However it is possible to relate the two, especially when considering the relationship between flesh and grass, or plant and animal life. It is necessary to consider exactly what is meant by grass and flesh. All grasses are plants, and as such conform to specific biological criteria that define the difference between plant life and animal life e.g. the ultrastructure of their cells, respiration and photosynthesis. Flesh is defined as soft muscular tissue found in animals. It is crucial to mans existence that the relationship between the earth and human life is examined, both the bible and biology attempt to understand how such a delicate balance of life on earth is maintained. Grasses are one of the most plentiful biological structures found on earth, with cellulose being the most abundant biological molecule. All grasses are essential sources of food for humans and animals alike. They offer important sources of vitamins and minerals. Key to the relationship between grass and flesh is that plants also contain the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. These five elements are essential in the production of protein within animals and thus vital to the development of flesh. Humans, like all mammals, employ holozoic nutrition to obtain nutrients from their food. There are five stages to holozoic nutrition: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. 1. Ingestion: this is the physical act of eating, taking in the raw materials which animals need for survival. 2. Digestion: this is the way in which animals process the raw materials from ingestion. The molecules contained in the food are usually too big to be useful to the body to the body immediately. Therefore there is a series of hydrolytic reactions to break down large molecules in to smaller, more useful ones. Each of these reactions is catalysed by an enzyme e.g. Peptidases from the pancreas catalyse the breakdown of peptides to amino acids. It is during this stage that animals can gain access to the essential elements; Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen and Sulphur, in plants necessary to the production of amino acids, proteins and ultimately muscle (flesh). 3. Absorption: after the food has been digested and the molecules are small enough to be used they are absorbed in the ileum. The molecules are diffused across the epithelial cells via a concentration gradient and for specific molecules via a pump system into the microvilli where they are transported away via the circulatory system. 4. Assimilation: this is the way in which the body incorporates and utilises digested food. Digested food molecules are carried around the body through the circulatory system: they may be stored for future use, such as fat and the formation of glycogen stores; they may be broken down further in respiration; may be used by cells for maintenance or repair; some molecules will be used for growth and development. Some of the molecules obtained from the ingestion of plant matter, specifically Nitrogen, will be used in the generation of new proteins, leading to the development of muscle. 5. Egestion: this is the way the body eliminates waste. Undigested food is not absorbed in the ileum; it passes through the body to be eliminated via the anus. After molecules have been absorbed they go on to be assimilated. Molecules are transported around the body by the blood. Eventually the blood will pass through the capillaries. Here interchange of molecules takes place, between the blood and the tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body. The process of forming tissue fluid is similar to the process in the Bowmans capsule in the kidney; it is formed through ultra-filtration. At the arteriolar end of the capillary the blood pressure is approximately 40mm Hg, at this pressure water is forced out of the capillary. However, this is opposed by the osmotic effect of the plasma proteins, which is approximately 25mm Hg. As a result the outward force is the difference, about 15mm Hg. At the venular end of the capillary the blood pressure has dropped to about 10mm Hg, but the osmotic pressure has remained at 25mm Hg. Therefore a net inward of pressure of 15 mm Hg is created. This draws water back into the capillaries from the tissue fluid by osmosis. This process means that new tissue fluid is always being formed at the arteriolar end of the capillary, carrying glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, minerals, dissolved gases and vitamins. Also waste from the cells is taken away at the venular end of the capillary. Some tissue fluid drains into the lymphatic system instead of going back into the blood. Once these molecules have been transported into the tissue fluid they can be taken up by the cells. For the development of muscle specific molecules are needed. Muscle growth is a specific from of protein synthesis that is brought about by the diffusion of testosterone into the muscle cell. The testosterone combines with a receptor in the cell and stimulates the protein synthesis process. Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes. Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA molecules. The enzyme peptidyl transferase catalyses the formation of the peptide bond and the polypeptide begins to form. Once the polypeptide is complete the chain is released. As proteins for muscle development are formed in the muscle cell they stay within the cell. Muscle cells are different to other cells. During muscle development the individual muscle cells, myofibrils, do not divide; they become thicker and longer. A myofibril may become up to 28 times larger than its original size before mitosis begins. Muscle cells are also multinucleated. It is thought that muscle cells benefit from being multinucleated as it allows them to carry out protein synthesis at a faster rate. This process from ingestion to muscle development continues, at varying rates, throughout an animals life. However just as important to the relationship between plants and flesh is what happens once the animal is dead. Dead animals contain organic nitrogen compounds as do faeces and urine. All plants need nitrogen as it is essential to the formation of nucleic acids and protein. However plants can only take up nitrogen in the form of inorganic ions, in the forms of NO3- (nitrate) or NH4+ (ammonia). The organic compounds left in the detritus are converted to inorganic ions by saprophytic bacteria and fungi; these are referred to as decomposers. These decomposers break down the organic compounds to release NH4+. When there is enough oxygen in the soil the decomposers will oxidise the ammonia to nitrates such as NO3- and NO2-. This process is known as nitrification. Nitrate ions produced in this way are available for uptake by plants. There is another way in which ammonia and nitrates are made available to plants. In the soil there are nitrogen fixing organisms known as diazotrophs. These are able to convert nitrogen gas into ammonia. This is a biological version of the Haber-Bosch process; however it is far more efficient and occurs at low temperatures and at atmospheric pressure, whereas the chemical equivalent requires temperatures of 300à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to 500à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, high pressures and an iron catalyst. The reaction for nitrogen fixation is catalysed by nitrogenase, an enzyme containing iron and molybdenum. These nitrate and ammonia ions are taken up by the plants through their roots. Many of the ions will be incorporated into organic compounds and used to synthesis amino acids. The plant is again forming a part of the food chain. It is primary producer; this means that it is viewed as food by both herbivores and carnivores. As the plant is ingested by the herbivores or carnivores, or as the herbivore is ingested by the carnivore the nitrogen and other essential molecules are being transferred on again. This is known as the nitrogen cycle. Although at initial thought it was difficult to understand how plants and flesh were related, or how the bible had anything relevant to say about modern science, it has become clear that the symbiotic relationship between plants and animals is crucial to the survival of not just human life on earth but of all life. Animals cannot survive without muscle, without the ability to move, and we cannot generate that muscle without nitrogen. We could not obtain nitrogen without plants, which in turn would not be able to obtain enough nitrates and ammonia if animal detritus was not converted to inorganic ions that they can use. Perhaps this interdependence should serve as a reminder to humans that we are not as powerful as we think we are, and we are still fundamentally part of a very complex web, that not one of us could survive without. Indeed all flesh is grass, we could not survive if it were not.